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📘 Notes

Python: Fundamentals

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Notes

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Structured Python notes from first setup through modules and packages — 37 lessons across 8 chapters. Each file covers one topic and links to its matching exercise file at the bottom.


01 — Setup & Environment

File Topic
01-01-what-and-why-python.md What Python is, why it is widely used, and where it is applied
01-02-IDE.md What an IDE is and how it helps development
01-03-python-platforms-and-ides.md VS Code, PyCharm, Jupyter, Colab, Replit — comparison and choice
01-04-environment-setup.md Installing Python, pip, and creating virtual environments
01-05-write-execute-python-code-in-vscode.md Writing and running Python scripts and notebooks in VS Code

02 — Core Language

File Topic
02-01-basic-syntax.md print(), comments, indentation rules, line continuation, case sensitivity
02-02-variables-and-datatypes.md Variable assignment, naming rules, type(), dynamic typing, multiple assignment
02-03-input-output.md input(), print() with sep/end, type coercion of input
02-04-operators.md Arithmetic, comparison, logical, assignment, membership, identity, bitwise
02-05-number-types-int-float.md int, float, bases, underscores, math module, precision
02-06-string-basics.md Literals, indexing, slicing, concatenation, escape chars, immutability
02-07-string-methods.md upper/lower, strip, split/join, find/replace, alignment, translate
02-08-string-formatting.md f-strings, format spec mini-language, format(), %, debug =
02-09-boolean-and-none.md True/False, truthiness, None, short-circuit evaluation, bool()
02-10-type-conversion.md Implicit widening, int(), float(), str(), bool(), collection conversions, ord/chr

03 — Control Flow

File Topic
03-01-if-elif-else.md Conditionals, nested if, ternary expressions
03-02-for-loops.md for, range(), enumerate(), zip(), break/continue, for/else
03-03-while-loops.md while, break/continue, while/else, do-while pattern

04 — Functions

File Topic
04-01-functions-basics.md def, parameters, return, default args, *args, **kwargs, docstrings, scope, lambda

05 — Data Structures

File Topic
05-01-lists.md Creation, indexing, mutation, append/insert/pop, sort, comprehensions, copy
05-02-tuples.md Immutability, unpacking, swap, namedtuple, use as dict key
05-03-sets.md add/remove, union, intersection, difference, subset/superset
05-04-dictionaries.md CRUD, .get(), .items(), comprehensions, nesting, setdefault, Counter
05-05-slicing.md start:stop:step, negative indices, slice() objects, assignment slicing
05-06-data-structures-comparison.md When to use list vs tuple vs set vs dict
05-07-zip-enumerate-and-conversions.md zip(), enumerate(), list()/tuple()/set() conversions, range()

06 — Advanced Patterns

File Topic
06-01-comprehensions.md List, set, dict comprehensions; nested comprehensions; ternary in comprehension
06-02-exception-handling.md try/except/else/finally, raise, chaining, custom exception classes

07 — File I/O

File Topic
07-01-file-io.md open(), modes, read/readline/readlines, write/writelines, with, file position
07-02-csv-files.md csv.reader, csv.DictReader, csv.writer, csv.DictWriter, delimiters
07-03-json-files.md json.load/dump, json.loads/dumps, JSONL, custom encoders/decoders
07-04-excel-files.md openpyxl read/write/format, multiple sheets, Pandas read_excel/to_excel
07-05-pdf-files.md pypdf: read, merge, split, rotate; reportlab: create PDFs
07-06-pathlib-and-filesystem.md Path objects, glob/rglob, metadata, copy/move/delete, pathlib vs os.path

08 — Modules & Packages

File Topic
08-01-modules-and-imports.md import, aliases, from … import, stdlib: math, random, os, sys, datetime, collections, itertools
08-02-module-structure.md __name__, if __name__ == '__main__', main() pattern, packages, __init__.py
08-03-python-ecosystem-libraries.md Overview of major third-party libraries by domain